《植物生理学报》 2016, 52(12): 1950-1958

矮化自根砧T337对苹果幼树N、P、K累积量和内源激素含量的影响

张晨光, 赵德英^*, 袁继存, 徐锴, 程存刚, 闫帅

中国农业科学院果树研究所/农业部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室, 辽宁兴城125100

通信作者：赵德英；E-mail: zhaodeying@caas.cn

摘　要：

以T337自根砧和乔砧‘富士’苹果幼树为试材, 研究了苹果幼树根木质部、根韧皮部、须根、砧木木质部、砧木韧皮部、主干木质部、主干韧皮部、叶片和新梢9个部位的干物质累积量、氮磷钾含量、氮磷钾累积量和内源激素(IAA、GA、ZR、ABA)含量的差异。结果表明: T337自根砧抑制‘富士’苹果幼树的生长发育。T337自根砧‘富士’苹果幼树各部位干物质累积量、氮磷钾含量与累积量均与乔砧‘富士’存在一定差异, 表明T337自根砧影响‘富士’苹果幼树干物质积累以及对N、P、K的吸收与累积。但T337砧木对‘富士’苹果幼树N、P、K累积分配特性影响较小, 聚类分析结果表明, 生长旺盛的叶片、新稍以及主干木质部累积分配较高, 其他部位相对较低。T337自根砧‘富士’苹果幼树N:P:K为7.78:1:3.39, 乔砧为6.01:1:2.66, T337自根砧氮钾需求比例高于乔砧。内源激素方面, T337自根砧‘富士’苹果幼树IAA和GA含量较低, (IAA+GA+ZR)/ABA、IAA/ABA比值较小, 可能是导致树体矮化的重要原因。T337自根砧‘富士’苹果幼树N和K含量高于乔砧, 可能的原因是其生长速度低于乔砧。

关键词：T337自根砧; 乔砧; 氮磷钾含量; 氮磷钾累积量; 内源激素含量

收稿：2016-08-31   修定：2016-11-21

资助：中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP)、国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-28)和辽宁省果树产业技术体系栽培技术研究岗位(LNGSCYTX-15-5)。

Effect of T337 dwarf root stock on N, P, K accumulation and endogenous hormones contents of young apple tree

ZHANG Chen-Guang, ZHAO De-Ying^*, YUAN Ji-Cun, XU Kai, CHENG Cun-Gang, YAN Shuai

Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultual Sciences/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, Liaoning 125100, China

Corresponding author: ZHAO De-Ying; E-mail: zhaodeying@caas.cn

Abstract:

With young ‘Fuji’ apple trees of T337 rootstocks and vigorous rootstock as test material, this paper studied the difference of the dry matter accumulation, contents and accumulation amounts of N, P, K, contents of endogenous hormones (IAA, GA, ZR, ABA) in root xylem, root phloem, fibrous root, xylem of stock, stock phloem, trunk xylem, trunk phloem, leaves and shoots of apple tree. The results showed that T337 rootstock inhibited the growth and development of apple trees. There were differences between T337 rootstocks and vigorous rootstock in the dry matter accumulation, contents and accumulation amounts of N, P, K, which showed that T337 rootstock effected on the dry matter accumulation, N, P, K absorption and accumulation of young ‘Fuji’ apple trees. But T337 rootstock had little effect on the N, P, K accumulation and distribution characteristics of ‘Fuji’ apple trees, the results of cluster analysis showed that the accumulation distributions of the new leaves, shoot and scion xylem were higher, other parts were relatively low. The ratio of N:P:K in T337 rootstock was 7.78:1:3.39, and that in vigorous rootstock was 6.01:1:2.66, T337 rootstock demanded higher ratio of N and K than vigorous rootstock. The contents of IAA and GA in T337 rootstock young ‘Fuji’ apple tree were relatively low, (IAA+GA+ZR)/ABA and IAA/ABA ratio were smaller, that might be the important cause leading to the tree dwarf. IAA and GA content in shoots of T337 root stock young ‘Fuji’ apple tree, which is lower than vigorous rootstock. N, K content of T337 root stock young ‘Fuji’ apple tree is higher than vigorous one, the lower growth rate is a possible reason. And N, K contents in T337 rootstock were higher than those in vigorous rootstock, the lower growth rate is a possible reason.

Key words: T337 rootstock; vigorous rootstock; N, P, K content; N, P, K accumulation; endogenous hormone content